Reference Library

Last Update, 2026-03-08

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Books

YearTitleAuthorPublisherDownloadSource
1986Technical Introduction to the Apple IIgsApple Computer, Inc.Addison-Wesley Publishing
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Internet Archive
1986Apple IIgs ProDOS 16 Reference ManualApple Programmer's & Developer's Association (APDA)Apple Computer, Inc.
Download
1986A Touch of Applesoft BASICApple Computer, Inc.Addison-Wesley Publishing
Download
Internet Archive
1986The Apple IIGS Toolbox RevealedDanny GoodmanBantam Books
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1986From Apple IIe to Apple IIgs - Performance Update
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Internet Archive
1987Apple IIgs Machine Language for BeginnersRoger WagnerCompute Publications
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1987Apple IIgs Assembly Language ProgrammingLeo J. ScanlonBantam Books
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Asimov FTP
1987Exploring the Apple IIgsGary B. LittleCompute Publications
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Internet Archive
1987Apple IIgs BASIC - Manual (Draft)Apple Programmer's & Developer's Association (APDA)Apple Computer, Inc.
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1987Apple IIgs BASIC - Release NotesApple Programmer's & Developer's Association (APDA)Apple Computer, Inc.
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1987GS Basic - TDFS NotesApple Programmer's & Developer's Association (APDA)Apple Computer, Inc.
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1987Programming the Apple IIgs in C and Assembly LanguageMark AndrewsHoward W. Sams & Co.
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Internet Archive
1987Apple IIgs Firmware ReferenceApple Computer, Inc.Addison-Wesley Publishing
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Internet Archive
1987Apple IIgs System Disk User GuideApple Computer, Inc.Apple Computer, Inc.
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1988Advanced Programming Techniques for the Apple IIgs ToolboxMorgan Davis & Dan GoukinAddison-Wesley Publishing
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Internet Archive
1988Programmer's Introduction to the Apple IIgsApple Computer, Inc.Addison-Wesley Publishing
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Internet Archive
1988Apple II SCSI Card Technical Reference Manual (#A2G0029)Apple Programmer's & Developer's Association (APDA)Apple Computer, Inc.
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1988Apple IIgs GS/OS Reference Volume 1 (Beta Draft)Apple Programmer's & Developer's Association (APDA)Apple Computer, Inc.
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1988Apple IIgs Toolbox Reference - Volume 1Apple Computer, Inc.Addison-Wesley Publishing
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Internet Archive
1988Apple IIgs Toolbox Reference - Volume 2Apple Computer, Inc.Addison-Wesley Publishing
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Internet Archive
1989Apple IIgs Hardware Reference (2nd ed.)Apple Computer, Inc.Addison-Wesley Publishing
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Internet Archive
1989Apple IIgs Hardware Reference (2nd ed.) 256K SchematicApple Computer, Inc.Addison-Wesley Publishing
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1989Apple IIgs Hardware Reference (2nd ed.) 1MB SchematicApple Computer, Inc.Addison-Wesley Publishing
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1989Exploring Apple GS/OS and ProDOS 8Gary B. LittleAddison-Wesley Publishing
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Internet Archive
1989Apple IIgs GS/OS Device Driver ReferenceApple Programmer's & Developer's Association (APDA)Apple Computer, Inc.
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1989Apple IIgs GS/OS Reference Volume 2 (Beta Draft)Apple Programmer's & Developer's Association (APDA)Apple Computer, Inc.
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1989Apple IIgs Toolbox Reference Volume 3 (Beta Draft)Apple Computer, Inc.Addison-Wesley Publishing
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Internet Archive
1990Apple IIgs Toolbox Reference Volume 3 (Beta Draft)Apple Computer, Inc.Addison-Wesley Publishing
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1990Apple IIgs Toolbox Reference Volume 3Apple Computer, Inc.Addison-Wesley Publishing
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Internet Archive
1990Apple IIgs Technical ProceduresApple Computer, Inc.Apple Computer, Inc.
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1990Apple IIgs GS/OS ReferenceApple Computer, Inc.Addison-Wesley Publishing
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1990System 6.0 DocumentationApple Computer, Inc.Apple Computer, Inc.Download
1990IIgs Épluché (French)D. Bär, D. Delay, Y. Durant, J.L. Schmitt, Eric WeylandForgest Limited
Download
Internet Archive
1992Programming the 65816 (Including the 6502, 65C02 and 65802)David Eyes & Ron LichtyWestern Design Center
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1992Apple IIgs Toolbox Changes for System 6.0David A. LyonsApple Computer, Inc.
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1992Apple IIgs System 6 User's ReferenceApple Computer, Inc.Apple Computer, Inc.
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1992The System 6 BookJerry KindallQuality Computers, Inc.
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1993Programmer's Reference for System 6.0.1Mike Westerfield / Byte WorksApple Computer, Inc.
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2010Apple IIgs GS/OS InternalsBrutal DeluxeBrutal Deluxe
Download
Brutal Deluxe
2014IIgs Épluché (English Teaser Preview)D. Bär, D. Delay, Y. Durant, J.L. Schmitt, Eric WeylandFan translation
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2018IIgs Épluché Chapter 6 - Sound & Music (English Teaser Preview)D. Bär, D. Delay, Y. Durant, J.L. Schmitt, Eric WeylandFan translation
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Apple IIgs Developer Technotes

YearTitleAuthorDescription
1986#1: How to Install Custom BRK and /NMI HandlersJim Merritt (rev. Jim Mensch)... discusses a method to install a custom debugger or debugging stub within the Apple IIGS system.View
1986#2: Transforming I/O Subroutines for Use in "Native" ModePete McDonald... outlines a number of techniques useful when transforming Apple II I/O subroutines for use in the "native" Apple IIGS environment.View
1986#3: Window Information Bar UseDan Oliver (rev. Dave Lyons)... details the use of a window's information bar, including a code sample which places a menu in an information bar.View
1986#4: Changing Graphics Modes in Mid-ApplicationDan Oliver... discusses how to switch between the two graphics modes, 320 and 640 horizontal resolution, while running an application which uses the Window, Control, and Menu Managers.View
1986#5: Window and Menu TitlesDan Oliver... discusses spacing for both window and menu titles.View
1986#6: QuickDraw II Pattern Data StructureGuillermo OrtizSome QuickDraw II calls require a pen pattern as input or return one as output; regardless of the drawing mode (320 mode or 640 mode), takes 32 bytes.View
1986#7: Halt Mechanism in IIGS SANEGuillermo Ortiz... described a bug of SANE on the Apple IIGS which caused it to jump through location $00/0018 instead of through the HALT vector in the SANE direct page.View
1986#8: Elems Functions in IIGS SANEGuillermo Ortiz... discusses a problem which existed with the Elems functions in the IIGS SANE Tool Set 1.0.View
1986#9: IIGS Sound Expansion Connector:Jim Merritt... discusses the impedances of the analog signal pins on the IIGS sound expansion connector since an interface to this connector must take the impedance of the pins into account to function properly.View
1987#10: InvalRgn TwistGuillermo OrtizInvalRgn(RgnHandle) accumulates the region to which RgnHandle points into the update region of the current window's port; in the process, it makes the region global, thus causing problems if later calls expect the region to still be local.View
1987#11: Ensoniq DOC Swap-Mode AnomalyJim Merritt (rev. Jim Mensch)... discusses a problem with Ensoniq DOC where zero bytes in the waveform stream could cause clicks or static.View
1987#12: Tool Set InterdependenciesJim Merritt (rev. Matt Deatherage & Dave Lyons)... lists all known interdependencies between system tool sets on the IIgs.View
1987#13: ROM 1.0 Modem Firmware BugMike Askins (rev. Matt Deatherage)... discusses a bug involving buffering and serial port setting commands in the modem firmware in ROM 1.0.View
1987#14: Standard File Calls and GrafPort RecordsGuillermo Ortiz (rev. Matt Deatherage)... describes how Standard File 1.1 and earlier did not preserve the GrafPort around Standard File calls and how to save and restore GrafPort.View
1987#15: InstallFont and Big FontsGuillermo Ortiz (rev. Eric Soldan & Matt Deatherage)... describes how InstallFont can fail when installing a font larger than 32K and bit 15 of ScaleWord is clear.View
1987#16: Notes on Background PrintingMike Askins... describes common problems people encounter when using background printing as available through the serial firmware.View
1987#17: Application Memory Management and the MMStartUp User IDJim Merritt (rev. Steven Glass & Rich Williams)... describes a technique which permits an application to dispose of any memory it has used with a single Memory Manager call without clobbering other system components or itself.View
1987#18: Do-It-Yourself SCC AccessJim Luther, Mike Askins, Matt Deatherage & Jim Mensch... describes how to install and remove a interrupt handler routine for the Z8530 Serial Communications Controller (SCC) on the Apple IIgsView
1987#19: Multichannel Output with the Apple IIGS Note Synthesizer(rev. Jim Merritt)... discusses multichannel sound with the IIGS Note Synthesizer.View
1987#20: Catalog of APW Language NumbersJim Merrit (rev. Matt Deatherage)This information is now documented in Apple II File Type Notes, specifically Notes of file type $B0View
1987#21: DMA Compatibility for Expansion RAMJim Merritt (rev. Glenn A. Baxter)... discusses the Apple IIGS Extended Memory Slot specification.View
1987#22: Proper Use of Dynamic SegmentsGuillermo Ortiz (rev. Eric Soldan & Andy Stadler)... discusses strategies that applications can use to deal with dynamic segmentsView
1987#23: Toolbox Use of DOC RAMJim Merritt (rev. Matthew Denman & Matt Deatherage)... explains why you need to take care of the values you store in the first page of the Ensoniq Digital Oscillator Chip (DOC) RAM when using Note Synthesizer and MIDI Tool Sets.View
1987#24: Apple IIgs Toolbox Reference UpdatesRilla Reynolds, Matt Deatherage, Dave Lyons, C.K. Haun & Eric Soldan... documents changes to the Apple IIgs Toolbox Reference manuals.View
1987#25: Apple IIgs Firmware Reference UpdatesRilla Reynolds (rev. Dave Lyons & Jim Luther)... documents updates to the May 1987 edition of the Apple IIgs Firmware Reference.View
1987#26: ROM Revision SummaryRilla Reynolds (rev. Matt Deatherage)... summarizes revisions to the Apple IIGS ROM (0/1/3).View
1987#27: Graphics Image File FormatsSteve Glass, Eagle Berns, Art Cabral, Pete McDonald & Rilla Reynolds (rev. Matt Deatherage)This information is now documented in Apple II File Type Notes, specifically Notes of file types $C0 and $C1.View
1987#28: Interface Card Design GuidelinesCameron Birse (rev. Matt Deatherage)... describes suggested dimensions for interface cards for the Apple IIGS and Apple IIe upgraded sytems.View
1987#29: Monochrome High-Resolution ModeRilla Reynolds... discusses a 280 x 192 monochrome high-resolution mode available on the Apple IIGS.View
1987#30: Apple IIgs Hardware Reference UpdatesRilla Reynolds & Jim Luther (rev. Jim Luther)... documents updates to the Apple IIgs Hardware Reference.View
1987#31: Redirecting Output in APW CGuillermo Ortiz... a sample C program which allows output redirection through an APW shell command.View
1987#32: /INH Line AnomalyGlenn A. Baxter (rev. Glenn A. Baxter & Rob Moore)... describes a hardware anomaly which affects the use of the /INH line on the Apple IIGS and can cause bus contention.View
1987#33: ERRORDEATH MacroAllan Bell, Apple Australia & Jim Merritt (rev. Jim Mensch & Matt Deatherage)... a short assembly language macro you can invoke to handle fatal error conditions.View
1988#34: Low-Level QuickDraw II RoutinesSteven Glass (rev. Dave "Evad Snoyl" Lyons, Keith Rollin, Steven Glass, Matt Deatherage & Eric Soldan)... the low-level routines which QuickDraw II uses ... and custom bottleneck (drawing) procedures.View
1988#35: Printer Driver SpecificationsDan Hitchens, Matt Deatherage & Suki Lee... describes the routines and internal structures needed to design a printer driver for the Apple IIgs system.View
1988#36: Port Driver SpecificationsDan Hitchens (rev. Matt Deatherage & Suki Lee)... describes how to write your own drivers for Apple IIGS ports.View
1988#37: Free-Form Synthesizer TipsJim Mensch... intended to help a person who is unfamiliar with the Apple IIGS Sound Tool Set use the Free-Form Synthesizer effectively.View
1988#38: List Controls in Dialog BoxesKeith Rollin, Dave Lyons & Eric Soldan (rev. C.K. Haun)... describes how to include a list control into a dialog box with sample APW C source code.View
1988#39: Mega II Video CountersJ. Rickard (rev. Dave Lyons)... describes the Mega II video output registers, which you can use to locate where the beam is located on the Apple IIGS display (VBLANK etc).View
1988#40: VBL SignalRob Moore & Rilla Reynolds (rev. Dave Lyons)... discusses reading the VBL signal to accomplish smooth animation.View
1988#41: Font Family NumbersRilla Reynolds & Jeff Erickson (rev. Matt Deatherage & Keith Rollin)... lists fonts and font family numbers as well as considerations when printingView
1988#42: Custom WindowsDan Oliver & Keith Rollin... describes custom windows which are now supported with Window Manager version 2.2.View
1988#43: Undocumented Feature of CalcMenuSizeDan Oliver (rev. Matt Deatherage)... described CalcMenuSize – OBSOLETE: see updated info in Volume 3 of the Apple IIgs Toolbox Reference on page 37-3View
1988#44: GetPenState and SetPenState Record ErrorKeith Rollin (rev. Matt Deatherage)... described an error in the pen state record – OBSOLETE: see updated info on page 43-2 of Volume 3 of the Toolbox Reference.View
1988#45: Parameters for GetFrameColorDan Oliver (rev. Matt Deatherage)... correct the description of parameters passed to and returned from GetFrameColor in Window Manager chapter of the Apple IIGS Toolbox Reference.View
1988#46: DrawPicture Data FormatJeff Erickson & Keith Rollin... describes the internal format of the QuickDraw II picture data structure.View
1988#47: What SetDataSize DoesKeith Rollin... clears up any ambiguity in the description of the SetDataSize call.View
1988#48: All About AlertWindowDan Oliver & Keith Rollin (rev. Dave Lyons)... described AlertWindow – OBSOLETE: See updated AlertWindow information in Apple IIgs Toolbox Reference, Volume 3View
1988#49: Rebooting (Really)Matt Deatherage & Jim Merritt... discusses rebooting the Apple IIGS from software.View
1989#50: Extended Serial Interface Error HandlingDan Strnad... discusses error reporting by the Extended Serial Interface.View
1989#51: How to Avoid Running Out of MemoryEric Soldan (rev. Dave Lyons)... discusses handling nearly-out-of-memory situations when working with the IIgs tools.View
1989#52: Loading and Special MemoryEric Soldan... discusses strategies for preventing applications from loading into special memory.View
1989#53: Desk Accessories and ToolsMatt Deatherage & Jim Mensch (rev. Dave Lyons)... discusses compatibility issues that can arise between desk accessories and applications.View
1989#54: MIDI DriversJim Mensch (rev. Matt Deatherage)... describes how to write a driver for use with the Apple IIgs MIDI tools.View
1989#55: Avoiding ClrHeartBeatMatt Deatherage... lists changes to the description for ClrHeartBeat.View
1989#56: Managing Dynamic SegmentsEric Soldan (rev. Matt Deatherage)... discusses application difficulties when transferring control to dynamic segments during low-memory conditions.View
1989#57: Preventing Memory Compacting and PurgingDave Lyons... discusses a flag byte at location $E100CB that debugging utilities can use to temporarily prevent the Memory Manager from moving or purging memory.View
1989#58: Keyboard Modifiers Register AnomalyDave Lyons... discusses an anomaly with the keyboard modifiers register at location $C025 which prevents it from always properly reflecting the state of the Control and Shift keys.View
1989#59: Do Not Create Zero-Length Text ScrapsDave Lyons... described a problem with zero-length text scraps fixed since System 5.0.3.View
1989#60: Menu Manager MemorabiliaDave Lyons (rev. Matt Deatherage, Dave Lyons, & Tim Swihart)... discusses the Menu Manager, specifically a few anomalies and some tips for making menus your friends.View
1989#61: Window Title HandlesDave Lyons... discusses extensions to SetWTitle and GetWTitle in System Software 5.0 and later which allow handles to be used as window titles.View
1989#62: No Non-Solid Window Background PatternsDave Lyons... discusses why window background patterns should always be solid; non-solid patterns are not always drawn with the expected alignment.View
1989#63: Master Color ValuesJim Luther (rev. Dave Lyons)... documents master color values used for the Apple IIgs text, text background, and border colors.View
1989#64: Apple IIGS Installer and Installer ScriptsJim Luther & "Jay" Schaffer... describes how the Apple IIGS Installer program executes script files and documents how to write script files for it.View
1989#65: Control-^ is Harder Than It LooksDave Lyons... describes a problem using Control-^ to change the text cursor with programs that use GETLN.View
1989#66: ExpressLoad PhilosophyMatt Deatherage (rev. Dave Lyons)... discusses the ExpressLoad feature and how it relates to the standard Loader and your application.View
1989#67: LaserWriter Font MappingSuki Lee & Jim Luther... discusses the methods used by the Apple IIGS Print Manager to map IIGS fonts to the PostScript® fonts available with an Apple LaserWriter printer.View
1989#68: Tips for I/O Expansion Slot Card DesignRob Moore & Jim Luther... points out several potential problem areas developers should know about when designing I/O expansion slot cards for the Apple IIGS.View
1989#69: The Ins and Outs of Slot ArbitrationMatt Deatherage... discusses the concept of a 14-slot Apple IIgs system through dynamic software slot arbitration.View
1989#70: Fast Graphics HintsDon Marsh & Jim Luther... discusses techniques for fast animation on the Apple IIGS.View
1989#71: DA Tips and TechniquesDave Lyons... presents tips and techniques for writing Desk Accessories.View
1989#72: QuickDraw II QuirksDave Lyons (rev. C.K. Haun & Dave Lyons)... points out some things things you need to watch out for when using QuickDraw II, especially with FastPort-aware and Shadowing modes.View
1989#73: Using User Tool SetsDave Lyons... explains how to write a user tool set and why writing a user tool set is better than stealing a system tool set number.View
1990#74: A Faster List Manager Draw RoutineJim Mensch... presents a method for speeding up custom List Draw routines, with sample source code for the APW assembler.View
1990#75: BeginUpdate AnomalyEric Soldan... discusses a Window Manager anomaly with the handling of the visRgn and the updateRgn between BeginUpdate and EndUpdate calls.View
1990#76: Miscellaneous Resource FormatsMatt Deatherage, C.K. Haun, Llew Roberts & Dave Lyons... describes resource structure formats for previously-unpublished types.View
1990#77: Print Manager & AppleTalk Configuration FilesJim Luther... describes the Print Manager user configuration file Printer.Setup and the AppleTalk user configuration file ATInit.View
1990#78: Bank Alignment and Memory ManagementMatt Deatherage... discusses the way the Memory Manager deals with requests for memory that is already in use.View
1990#79: Integer Math Data TypesDan Strnad (rev. Jim Luther)... describes the format of Fixed and Frac data types and operations performed on numerical data types in the Integer Math Toolset.View
1990#80: QuickDraw II ClippingEric Soldan... explains a lot about QuickDraw II operation, specifically clipping.View
1990#81: Extended Control EcstasyC.K. Haun (rev. Dave Lyons)... discusses special features and concerns that should be considered when using extended controls introduced in System Software 5.0.View
1990#82: Controlling the Control ManagerDave Lyons (rev. Matt Deatherage)... describes an anomaly in the NewControl2 call in System Software 5.0.2 that was fixed in 5.0.3.View
1990#83: Resource Manager StuffDave Lyons... answers miscellaneous Resource Manager questions.View
1990#84: TaskMaster MadnessC.K. Haun... discusses the enhancements made to TaskMaster in System Software 5.0.View
1990#85: Moving the MouseMatt Deatherage... discusses moving the cursor on the screen without touching the mouse.View
1990#86: Risking Resourceful CodeC.K. Haun (rev. Matt Deatherage)... covers considerations you need to keep in mind when using code resources.View
1990#87: Patching the Tool DispatcherMike Lagae and Dave Lyons... presents the Apple standard way to patch into the Apple IIgs Tool Dispatcher vectors.View
1990#88: The Page One Stack in a 16-Bit WorldDave Lyons... clarifies the protocol for moving the stack pointer in and out of page one.View
1990#89: MessageByName--Catchy MessagesDan Strnad & Dave Lyons... clarifies MessageByName and provides examples of creating and retrieving a named message.View
1990#90: 65816 Tips and PitfallsDave "Dave" Lyons (rev. Matt "Matt" Deatherage)... presents short 65816 assembly language examples illustrating pitfalls and clever techniques.View
1990#91: The Wonderful World of Universal AccessDon J. Brady & Matt Deatherage (rev. Ron Lichty and Dave Lyons)... discusses how your applications can be compatible with Universal Access software.View
1990#92: Twisted Tales of TextEditC.K. Haun and Dave Lyons.. discusses some undocumented features and some bugs in the TextEdit tool set through System Software 5.0.3.View
1990#93: Compatible PrintingMatt Deatherage... discusses printing on the Apple IIgs and how you can make your printing code more compatible.View
1990#94: Packing It In (and Out)C.K. Haun... discusses a potential problem with the Miscellaneous Tools routine UnPackBytes.View
1990#95: ROM Diagnostic ErrorsDan Strnad... describes errors returned by the ROM Diagnostics on Apple IIgs systems.View
1990#96: Standard File CustomizationDan Strnad... discusses particulars of using custom dialog boxes for the Open and Save File dialog boxes and custom drawing routines to display the files and folders listed.View
1990#97: Picture Comments and PrintingMatt Deatherage, Suki Lee & Ben Koning... discusses QuickDraw Auxiliary picture comments and how they can be used to help control the printing process.View
1991#98: Aren't Windows a Pane?Dave Lyons... describes things in the Window Manager that we have to tell you even though we shouldn't.View
1991#99: Supplemental Scrap TypesMatt Deatherage & Matthew Reimer... describes public scrap types.View
1991#100: VersionVilleMatt Deatherage... all there is to know about versions, version formats and version numbers on the Apple IIgs.View
1991#101: Patching the ToolboxDave Lyons... presents guidelines on when and how to patch Apple IIgs Toolbox functions.View

GS/OS Technotes

YearTitleAuthorDescription
1988#1: Contents of System.Disk and System.ToolsMatt Deatherage... describes the contents of the disks System.Disk and System.Tools and the minimum files necessary to boot GS/OS starting with System 5.0.View
1988#2: GS/OS and the 80-Column FirmwareMatt Deatherage... discusses the changes in handling the 80-column firmware between GS/OS and ProDOS 16.View
1988#3: Pointers on CachingMatt Deatherage... discusses effective use of the GS/OS cache.View
1989#4: A GS/OS State of MindMatt Deatherage... discusses GS/OS concepts and practices.View
1989#5: Resource Fork FormatsMatt Deatherage... discusses the resource fork format of GS/OS extended files.View
1989#6: Drivers and GS/OS Direct PageMatt Deatherage... corrects an error in the preliminary GS/OS documentation and provides an alternate suggestion for driver developers.View
1989#7: Behavior of SET_DISKSWMatt Deatherage... discusses changes to the documented behavior of SET_DISKSW in System Software 5.0. Relevant for driver authors.View
1989#8: Filenames With More Than CAPS and NumeralsMatt Deatherage... discusses the problems some applications may have when dealing with filenames containing lowercase letters for the first time.View
1990#9: Interrupt Handling AnomaliesMatt Deatherage... discusses anomalies in the way GS/OS handles interrupts.View
1990#10: How Applications Find Their FilesDave Lyons... explains how applications should find configuration and other application-related files.View
1990#11: About EraseDisk and FormatMatt Deatherage... explains how an application can tell when a user chooses Cancel from an EraseDisk or Format dialog box and explains why thefile_sys_ID field is ignored in class-zero calls.View
1990#12: All About Notify ProcsMatt Deatherage... discusses the GS/OS notification procedure new to System Software 5.0.View
1990#13: GS/OS Reference UpdateMatt Deatherage... corrects and updates the Addison-Wesley Apple IIgs GS/OS Reference. Previous versions from APDA labeled Volume 1 or 2 are obsolete,and should no longer be used.View